ruby-ip library

This is a library for manipulating IP addresses.

Installation

Feature overview

• Create from string and to string

  require 'ip'
  ip = IP.new("192.0.2.53/24")
  ip.to_s       # "192.0.2.53/24"
  ip.to_i       # 3221226037
  ip.to_hex     # "c0000235"
  ip.to_addr    # "192.0.2.53"
  ip.pfxlen     # 24

• Qualify IP address with “routing context” (VRF)

  ip = IP.new("192.0.2.53/24@cust1")
  ip.to_s       # "192.0.2.53/24@cust1"
  ip.to_addrlen # "192.0.2.53/24"
  ip.ctx        # "cust1"

• Clean implementation of IP::V4 and IP::V6 as subclasses of IP

  ip1 = IP.new("192.0.2.53/24")       #<IP::V4 192.0.2.53/24>
  ip2 = IP.new("2001:db8:be00::/48")  #<IP::V6 2001:db8:be00::/48>
  ip1.is_a?(IP::V4)                   # true

• Create directly from integers or hex

  ip = IP::V4.new(3221226037, 24, "cust1")
  ip = IP::V4.new("c0000235", 24, "cust1")

• Netmask manipulation

  ip = IP.new("192.0.2.53/24")
  ip.network         #<IP::V4 192.0.2.0/24>
  ip.network(1)      #<IP::V4 192.0.2.1/24>
  ip.broadcast       #<IP::V4 192.0.2.255/24>
  ip.broadcast(-1)   #<IP::V4 192.0.2.254/24>
  ip.mask            # 255
  ip.size            # 256
  ip.netmask.to_s    # "255.255.255.0"
  ip.wildmask.to_s   # "0.0.0.255"

• Address masking

  ip = IP.new("192.0.2.53/24")
  ip.offset?         # true
  ip.offset          # 53
  ip.mask!
  ip.to_s            # "192.0.2.0/24"
  ip.offset?         # false

• Simple IP arithmetic

  ip = IP.new("192.0.2.53/24")
  ip + 4             #<IP::V4 192.0.2.57/24>
  ip | 7             #<IP::V4 192.0.2.55/24>
  ip ^ 7             #<IP::V4 192.0.2.50/24>
  ~ip                #<IP::V4 63.255.253.202/24>

• Convert to and from a compact Array representation

  ip1 = IP.new("192.0.2.53/24@cust1")
  ip1.to_a     # ["v4", 3221226037, 24, "cust1"]
  
  ip2 = IP.new(["v4", 3221226037, 24, "cust1"])
  ip1 == ip2   # true

• Hex array representation, useful when talking to languages which don’t have Bignum support

  ip1 = IP.new("2001:db8:be00::/48@cust1")
  ip1.to_ah    # ["v6", "20010db8be0000000000000000000000", 48, "cust1"]
  
  ip2 = IP.new(["v6", "20010db8be0000000000000000000000", 48, "cust1"])
  ip1 == ip2   # true

• Addresses are Comparable, sortable, and can be used as Hash keys

Why not IPAddr?

Ruby bundles an IPAddr class (ipaddr.rb). However there are a number of serious problems with this library.

1. Given an IP address with a netmask or prefix (e.g. 192.0.2.0/24) it’s very hard to get access to the netmask part. It involves digging around instance variables.

2. It’s impossible to deal with an off-base address with prefix, because IPAddr forcibly masks it to the base. e.g. 192.0.2.53/24 is stored as 192.0.2.0/24

3. IPAddr uses calls to the socket library to validate IP addresses, and this can trigger spurious DNS lookups when given an invalid IP address. ruby-ip does not depend on the socket library at all, unless you require ‘ip/socket’ to have access to the Socket::AF_INET and Socket::AF_INET6 constants.

Copying

You may use, distribute and modify this software under the same terms as ruby itself (see LICENSE.txt and COPYING.txt)

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